The Importance of Carnivalesque in Twelfth Night - 1312 Words

The Importance of Carnivalesque in Twelfth Night The theory of Carnivalesque was presented by a Russia critic Mikhail Bakhtin, his theory proposed that the nature of Carnivalesque liberates the assumptions of the higher class through humour and chaos, in other words the nature of Carnivalesque mocks the behaviour of those higher in authority and presents them as an everyday fool whereas in reality they are regarded as far more intelligent than others and they rarely possess a foolish thought, as they depict a jester to be foolish, but in fact his intelligence is shown in the play ‘Twelfth Night’ The concept of Carnivalesque derives from a feast named ‘Feast of Fools’ this festival granted the assumed fools in society a chance to enter†¦show more content†¦Through the example of Maria’s momentary arrogance, and Thomas Hobbes idea of a ‘sudden glory’ it is clear that Carnivalesque is important to the comical nature of ‘Twelfth Night’ through the nature of Carnivalesque, arises the amusing side of this play, because the breakdown of class boundaries and the ability for the lower authority to resist higher authority, is unlike ordinary life, therefore the nature of Carnivalesque presented in this play depicts an exaggerated view on life. The theory of Carnivalesque is important to the comical genre in Shakespeare’s ‘Twelfth Night’ because it makes a mockery of those in higher authority. According to Mikhail’s theory, in literacy forms there is a resistance to authority. The concept of mocking those higher in authority and resisting authority is presented in ‘Twelfth Night’ usually through music. When Feste is asked to sing, in Act 2 Scene 4, by Orsino, he relates the song to Orsino’s woes of love and Olivia. ‘I am slain by a fair cruel maid’ this quote is Feste’s way of criticizing Orsino’s stupidity for loving a woman who he knows does not share this feeling. He satirises Orsino’s self-indulgence by singing a song about the troubles in his life, however Feste clearly states in this song that Olivia does not love him, and is indirectly stating that Orsino is a fool loving a woman who is not interested. When Feste sings ‘not a flow er sweet, On my blackShow MoreRelatedChaos and Order in Twelfth Night2766 Words   |  12 Pagesreference to Twelfth Night during Shakespeare’s own lifetime is to a performance on February 2, 1602. A law student named John Manningham wrote in his diary about a feast he attended at the Middle Temple in London where he was a law student and where â€Å"we had a play called Twelfth Night; Or, What You Will. This was likely to have been an early performance since it is generally agreed that the play was probably written in 1601. In 1954 Sir Leslie Hotson’s book, The First Night of Twelfth Night, soughtRead MoreAuthority versus Truth in Sophocles Antigone and Shakespeares Twelfth Night2444 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Authority cannot afford to connive at disobedience† writes Sophocles in Antigone. This is also a central concern to Aristotle who establishes the importance of ‘Authority’ in the opening lines of his treatise Poltics: â€Å"Since we see that every city-state is a sort of community and that every community is established for the sake of some good†¦it is clear that every community aims at some good, and the community which has the most authority of all and includes all the others aims highest, that is

Explain How the Role of the Teacher Changes in the Process...

In this essay, I will define the term normalisation linking it with the concept of deviations. I will also outline the environmental aspects that support normalization, explain the maturational nature of normalisation, describe the teachers initial approach with new children, explain the change in the teachers role as each child begins to concentrate and focus on activities, and finally I will give reasons why a child might regress. There are four characteristics that appear in every child that is developing normally. These are; love of work, concentration, self-discipline and sociability. Therefore normalisation is the process, through which the child obtains these characteristics, by repeatedly concentrating all of her/his attention on†¦show more content†¦Luckily s/he is not completely fixed in her/his deviations that the teachers efforts to correct them are in vain. The childs inner discipline and concentration are hidden just below the surface and need only the right activity to bring them out of hiding. The teacher, when approaching the child, must be calm, firm and patient. Neither kindness nor severity will help the child to concentrate. The teacher must offer the child interesting activities that use her/his psychic energy in a productive way. When the child has found an activity that interests her/him, the teacher has to show the child how to do the activity, and then the teacher may step back and allow the child to perform the activity. The teacher must ensure that the child can use the activity properly before placing it freely at her/his disposal, because if they do not, the minute the child turns her back the child will play with the activity in the most stupid way. This will not help their normalisation in any way. At that moment when the normalisation has begun and the child is completely engrossed in the activity the teacher must never interrupt them, for as long as this concentration lasts. As the child begins to concentrate and focus, the teachers role changes from an active one to one of quiet observation. The teacher must put herself in the back ground; she must ensure that nothing she does will disturb the childs concentration. As the momentsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Normailisation (Montessori)1751 Words   |  8 PagesDefine the term normalisation, linking it with the concept of deviations. (10)Outline the importance of the favourable environment in supporting normalisation.(20)Explain the maturational nature of normalisation linked to the child’s growing socialisation – link to the social embryonic stage of the absorbent mind.(10)Describe the teacher’s initial approach with new children.(10) Explain the change in the teacher’s role as each child begins to concentrate and focus on activities, and the impact thisRead MoreMontessori: Preparing a Child for the Futur8416 Words   |  34 Pagessmall society that is preparing the child for hi s future. Guiding him towards finding his role in the Universe; that he has a responsibility to nature; and to be respectful to everything in the Universe. To enable the directress to channel the children towards these goals she must â€Å"believe that the child before her will show his true nature when he finds a piece of work that attracts him.† This is a delicate process and requires many aspects to be considered before this can be achieved. Many, who have

Brick and Mortar Business to an E-Business free essay sample

Company Background Sam Walton, who was convinced that the American consumers wanted something more than retail shops, opened his own discount and retail shop in Rogers, Arkansas. Walton realized he could do better by passing on the savings to his customers and earning his profits through volume. This insight would form a cornerstone of Waltons business strategy when he launched Wal-Mart in 1962. Cost-cutting was an obsession in the Wal-Mart culture, and Walton understood that a major requirement for keeping costs down was controlling the payroll. In 2012, Wal-Mart celebrated 50 years of helping people save money so they can live better. The company employs 2. 2 million associates worldwide and serves 200 million customers each week at more than 10,000 stores in 27 countries. Among the many business enterprises and organizations that changed the world, Wal-Mart holds a very important position. As compared to other genuine companies that changed a lot in the world of entrepreneurs, Wal-Mart has a short, yet highly-acclaimed story of success that is backed by brute force of efforts put in by many members and employees. Wal-Mart adopt E-business What business processes were changed? Possibly the single greatest success story of e-business and B2B implementation is that of the rise to dominance by Wal-Mart in the North American retail market. Wal-Mart has impressive growth in such a short time span and the single most important factor in this rise was their harnessing of the power of e-business. Wal-Mart built an inventory and supply chain management system that changed the face of business making it very competitive as an e-business. Like many companies, Wal-Mart started down the road to total integration by first linking its internal systems. Then the focus shifted toward an emphasis on integrating Wal-Mart’s systems with those of its suppliers. More recently, Wal-Mart has initiated efforts to bring processes and systems from the customer side of its business into the loop. What’s left is a customer-to-supplier architecture that allows Wal-Mart to follow its customer’s shopping habits so closely as to know their likes and dislikes and to parlay that information into pinpoint promotions. (Robinson amp; Kalakota, 2004) Wal-Mart has revolutionized supply chain management by using a pull model where customer demands drive the suppliers. Inventory control is finely honed and purchasing trends are available to suppliers, whom now must be able to quickly respond to the needs of millions of customers. The business decision to decentralize the procurement process means that front-line staff in every store can immediately order the appropriate stock electronically, which will in turn require rapid turnout of product from the suppliers. This rapid replenishment system, coupled with accurate purchasing forecasting, helps Wal-Mart reduce overall costs. While not always good for suppliers in general, Wal-Mart’s power as a giant in business has helped in establishing new standards for B2B e-commerce. Wal-Mart’s mindset of cutting costs at all costs resulted in them deploying EDI over the Internet to eliminate the costly VAN altogether. EDI over the Internet (EDI-INT) uses a new standard called AS2, a communication protocol that attempts to make EDI communications over the Internet both secure and reliable. By mandating their suppliers to use AS2, Wal-Mart leads the way in creating a demand for a new generation of EDI, and in turn drives the whole world of e-business forward. Early on, Wal-Mart saw the value of sharing that data with suppliers, and it eventually moved that information online on its Retail Link Web site. Opening its sales and inventory databases to suppliers is what made Wal-Mart the powerhouse it is today. Would the company survive without the E-Business aspect? Why or why not? Wal-Mart has so many great strengths to leverage throughout the global market, and Wal-Mart will survive without E-business. Some of those strengths are that Wal-Mart best-positioned global retail, and it has a strong price leadership. There is no doubt that Wal-Mart is the best-positioned global retailer to address the needs of customers around the world. Wal-Mart’s growth through new stores remains a priority, with supercenters the primary driver because they continue to offer the greatest returns and allow customers a one-stop shopping experience through more than 3,800 stores and over 617 million square feet of selling space. Wal-Mart reinvigorated their fundamental price promise of provide low prices day-in and day-out on the broadest assortment. Their price message, backed by the strongest ad match policy in the industry, ensures that we are driving price separation with competitors. The certainty of great values throughout the store such as best-positioned global retail and a strong price leadership has been fundamental to Wal-Mart for 50 years, and this company will to survive. Would the company survive without the Brick-and-Mortar aspect? Why or why not? Wal-Mart e-commerce websites is not going to replace bricks-and Mortar stores, because the key to Wal-Mart’s emerging e-commerce strategy is integrating store and online marketing. This strategy is product of ideas such as pick up at store. â€Å"Wal-Mart launched on Tuesday its Site to Store program, in which Walmart. com customers can opt for free shippingprovided they are willing to pick up their order at a Wal-Mart store instead of having it sent to their home. The items ordered are shipped within 7 to 10 business days to a Wal-Mart store, and then an e-mail is sent to the buyer that alerts him or her to pick up the order. † (McCarthy , 2007) Retailers say that tying online and in-store inventory together lets them sell more products to more customers. Nordstrom recently combined its inventory so that if the online stockroom is out of a jacket, a store that has it can ship it to the Web customer. Encouraging customers to retrieve items they have ordered online in a store increases visits to the stores, which usually increases sales. What were the unique advantages of this IT solution? Any noticeable drawbacks? Wal-Mart is strengthening their Global e-Commerce business by investing in new talent and technology such as Wal-Mart new iPhone application that allows

Look Back In Anger By Osborne Essays - British Films,

Look Back In Anger By Osborne The play, A Look Back in Anger, by John Osborne brings the notion of the "angry man gone mad" to the surface. But what does this play teach us? Or, does this play teach us anything? At the end of this paper it will be evident that this play does teach us something, and that is how some people, as individuals, have their own ways of thinking, and reacting, which are considerably different from the social norms. Of course the character we will be analyzing is Jimmy. There are 3 stimuli that correspond to radical reactions by Jimmy. The first stimulus is love; Jimmy has ways of expressing his love to the women of his life that are different than the rest of society's. The second stimulus is the natural aggression towards threats, and most of these threats are small, that Jimmy expresses with Cliff, and also in Allison's mother, in particular. The final trigger to Jimmy's radical way of reacting is that of death. It seems to be an image that haunts him throughout the play and he only brings it to the surface after the halfway point. This, last, stimuli can be regarded as an explanation to his radical ways, that give him the image of the "angry man". However, there is one over-ruling thesis that covers all three stimuli that is the basis of Jimmy's radical behavior, and that is of women in general; Jimmy, as will be demonstrated in each section, is very insecure with the opposite sex, whether it is will girlfriends, wives, or landlords. On the topic of love, Jimmy has demonstrated his difficulty to conform to the social norms, in terms of being a gentleman towards women, especially his own wife, Allison. The first major indication of this problem was when Allison and him were showing their first mutual signs of affection, but they were required to result to role playing to fulfill their show of love. "Jimmy: You're very beautiful. A beautiful, great-eyed squirrel...How I envy you. Allison: Well, you're a jolly super bear, too. A really soooooooooooper, marvelous bear. Jimmy: Bears and Squirrels are marvelous" Jimmy and Allison have proven that they must put on disguises to show their affection. Allison as a Squirrels, and Jimmy as a bear also demonstrates the way their perceive each other. A squirrel is small, weak, and helpless, as is contrary to a bear, that has the image of a vicious and barbaric animal. In this point of view, Osborne is showing us an analogy of how he perceives their relationship. Bears and squirrels don't really get along, mainly because they compete for the same food. In the play we see how Allison and Jimmy are incompatible, and when they speak of how "bears and squirrels are marvelous", it just proves to show that they are blind to the fact that they don't belong together. However, it must be made clear that this is not due to Allison that they lock horns often, but it at Jimmy's fault; he is seen as the instigator to every conflict in this play. Not only in terms of love, but also in regarding women altogether, Jimmy sees women as the enemy. Jimmy has attacked every woman in this play, physically or verbally, except for one, and that was Hugh's mother who has dying. (this issue will be addressed in the last portion of this essay). First, we will look at the situation with Helena; as first it is evident that they hate each other, but then they kiss and become lovers. This is not only unusual, but shows the instability and unpredictability of Jimmy's actions. The issue is that he sees Helena as an enemy that is trying to convince Allison to leave him; and Jimmy seems correct, because in fact, that is what happens in the end, but it's quite unpredictable. Jimmy shows his disgust towards Helena when he says to her: "What are you plotting?" This is implying that Helena is out to mess his life up, this then leads to a confrontation that almost gets violent. "Helena: If you come nearer, I will slap your face. Jimmy: I hope you won't make the mistake of thinking for one moment that I am a gentleman. Helena: I'm not very likely to do that. Jimmy: I've no public school scruples about hitting girls. If you slap my face-by God, I'll lay you out!" This scene describes many things, which are going through the head of Jimmy; he's a

Hupalo O. - Iryna Steshenko Essays - Legislators, Legislatures

Hupalo O. - Iryna Steshenko Essays - Legislators, Legislatures Hupalo Olha Inp-32 Iryna Steshenko as a translator of Anglophone literature Iryna Steshenko is a spectacular Ukrainian actress and a prominent translator. She was brought up in a family where people treasured folk traditions and customs. All members of her family were related to literature, education and Ukrainian culture in general. In order to get to know her better as a translator, we should dive deeper into her biography. Iryna Steshenko was born on July 5, 1898, in Kyiv. She is the daughter of Ivan M. Steshenko and Oksana Steshenko, the cousin of Lesya Ukraiinka and the granddaughter of Mykhailo Starytsky - the coryphaeus of the Ukrainian Theatre . Iryna Steshenko was the last representative of the renowned ancestry, which, after her death in 1987, ceased to exist. From early childhood, she began studying foreign languages. At the age of three, she had a governess from Germany and at five - from France. Hence she obtained a good command of those languages. In 1918 she graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Higher Women's Studies in Kyiv. After graduation, in addition to her mother language, she was fluent in Russian, German, French, and English. Not every woman back then had the opportunity to obtain such solid and versatile knowledge. In 1920 Iryna Steshenko graduated from the Lysenko Music and Drama Institute. It was then that Pavlo Tychyna - Taras Shevchenko Theatre dramaturge at that time - approached her and asked to translate some comedies by Moliere. These were The Bourgeois Gentleman , The Imaginary Invalid , Scapin the Schemer . Tychyna would later edit her translations to be suitable for the theatre. These plays were often featured in Ukrainian theatres. After that Iryna Steshenko was paying more and more attention to the artistic translation, and from 1949 she devoted herself to it completely. The achievements of Iryna Steshenko as a translator are particularly notable, because she, as a person with a solid education and as a descendant of famous writers, had an extraordinary feeling of the Ukrainian language; she knew it perfectly and used it skilfully . The language of her translations is academic and graceful, but at the same time, it is alive and natural. From the very beginning, Steshenko as a translator set very strict requirements to herself. The translation, in her opinion, is a creative obsession with the work which one translates and its author, not the mechanic "transference" into another language, albeit being done at a high professional level. A translated work must feel as if it was written in the target language: only the stylistic characteristics, peculiarities of thinking and the details of everyday life should tell a reader that it is the work of a writer of another nation. She worked solely with the original pieces and was very indignan t at the offer to translate from Russian to Ukrainian. In her translations she paid great attention to the logical cohesion of phrases in lines and stanzas, to euphony of verses and to the natural ease of speech as well as to the rendition of the inner force pertained to the source language idiom. Steshenko skilfully reproduced verbal images of both representatives of the highest class of society and ordinary people. It distinguishes her among other translators, especially considering the current tendency to use taboo vocabulary in translations and original works. Among contemporary Ukrainian translators who dealt with the works of William Shakespeare, Iryna Steshenko is the most productive . She translated six of his pieces: The Merchant of Venice (1950), Othello (1950), Romeo and Juliet (1952), Much Ado About Nothing (1952), The Comedy of Errors (1954), The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1963). I was lucky to happen upon her translation of plays Much Ado About Nothing (1-2) and Romeo and Juliet (3) . Here are some interesting cases. Beatrice and Benedict's speech is a powerful source of wordplay in the original text. The puns were very popular in the days of Elizabethan England and Shakespeare's texts are full of them . Benedick : O God , sir , here's a dish I love not : I cannot endure my Lady Tongue : ! ... , ; Messenger : And a good soldier too , lady

Idioms About Units of Measure

Idioms About Units of Measure Idioms About Units of Measure Idioms About Units of Measure By Mark Nichol A number of idiomatic expressions refer (often hyperbolically, or with lighthearted exaggeration) to units of English measure to describe something figuratively or make an observation. This post lists and explains many such phrases. To be â€Å"every inch a (something)† or â€Å"every inch the (something)† is to so closely match a stereotypical look or embody a trait that the comparison holds thoroughly, figuratively, from beginning to end. â€Å"Within an inch of (one’s) life† means â€Å"to an extreme degree†; to beat someone to within an inch of that person’s life is to physically attack that person so severely that he or she is very close to (figuratively, an inch away from) death. To move by inches, or inch by inch, or to inch along (or inch one’s way along) is to progress very slowly, in very short increments, whether literally or figuratively. (Other prepositions may, depending on the context, replace along.) â€Å"Come within an inch of† refers figuratively to very nearly accomplishing a goal or experiencing something. The phrase â€Å"every inch† (sometimes â€Å"every square inch†) hyperbolically refers to complete coverage, as in â€Å"Every inch of the room was strewn with toys.† To say â€Å"Give (someone) an inch and (that person) will take a mile† is to express that someone given a modest concession will take advantage to extract more from the giver. â€Å"Give an inch,† on its own (or â€Å"Budge an inch† or â€Å"Move an inch†), is usually part of a statement alluding to someone’s unwillingness to compromise, as in â€Å"You never give an inch.† To say that someone does not trust someone else an inch is to express an utter lack of faith in that person. Something that is inch-perfect is extremely accurate or well judged. Idioms that include the word foot almost invariably pertain to the anatomic feature rather than the unit of measurement, but to say that one would not touch a person or a thing with a ten-foot pole suggests in no uncertain terms that one does not want to be associated with that person or thing. The phrase â€Å"all wool and a yard wide† alludes to the high quality of a person or an object, while to say that someone goes or went â€Å"the whole nine yards† expresses that the person is or was very thorough in accomplishing something. A country mile is a longer-than-expected distance, perhaps from the notion that traveling a mile in a rural area seems longer than passing over that distance in a more congested area. The expression â€Å"A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step† expresses that a formidable task is easily begun by focusing on a small initial effort. â€Å"A mile a minute† suggests doing something, such as talking, at extreme speed in a state of excitement. To say that someone can detect or observe something from a mile away hyperbolically suggests that the thing is easily noticed; however, to say that someone is miles away (or a million miles away) is to note that the person is preococcupied and not attending to a nearby activity, while to be miles from anywhere or nowhere is to literally be physically isolated. Saying that someone is a mile off or missed by a mile means that the person is mistaken or wrong to a great degree; the latter can also literally refer to someone missing a target by far or being very inaccurate in aim. â€Å"A miss is as good as a mile† means that a small failure is as just as significant as a large one. To be miles apart from agreement suggests that the parties are very much opposed. The phrase â€Å"by a mile† refers hyperbolically to accomplishing or failing to accomplish something by a significant amount. â€Å"For miles† (and â€Å"for miles and miles†), however, neutrally refers to at least several miles in such statements as â€Å"The property extends for miles in each direction.† To go the extra mile is to make greater effort than is required, while something that stands out or sticks out a mile is extremely obvious. â€Å"More bounce for the ounce† is slang referring to getting more value for one’s money with one product or investment than another. â€Å"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure† means that a minimal amount of forethought has the same value as a significant expenditure of effort to resolve an issue that developed because of lack of foresight. Other comparisons are made between commonsense and theory and between discretion and wit (in the latter case, encouraging people to withhold clever comments that may embarrass another person). To pack or pile on the pounds is to quickly gain weight. The phrase â€Å"pound for pound† means â€Å"considering the weight involved.† (In combat sports such as boxing, participants who compete in different weight classes are sometimes ranked in skills according to various criteria; this type of ranking is called â€Å"pound for pound.†) â€Å"Pound of flesh,† from Shakespeare’s play The Merchant of Venice, alludes to an unreasonable debt, based on the character Shylock’s insistence on receiving a pound of flesh that a borrower agreed, with overconfidence, to surrender as collateral. The phrase â€Å"800-pound gorilla† refers metaphorically to an entity so powerful that it can ignore limitations others are bound to. (It alludes to the riddle â€Å"Where does an 800-pound gorilla sit?† the answer to which is â€Å"Wherever it wants.) The phrase â€Å"come down on (one) like a ton of bricks† figuratively expresses that punishment will be or has been dealt out severely, as if the person being punished was or will be buried beneath a crushing weight. When someone refers to â€Å"tons of† something, he or she is hyperbolically expressing abundance. To say that something â€Å"weighs a ton† is to exaggerate the weight of an object that must be carried or lifted that is unexpectedly or excessively heavy. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterAbstract Nouns from Adjectives5 Examples of Insufficient Hyphenation

Risk Management in Practice (an air-monitoring programme is planned) Essay

Risk Management in Practice (an air-monitoring programme is planned) - Essay Example Sick building symptom has no particular contributing factors associated except in cases of carbon monoxide headaches or eye irritation with formalydehyde. Other symptoms of sick building syndrome include cough, malaise, fatigue, chest tightness, and eye and mucus lining irritation. Although some of these symptoms are linked to stress and perception of air quality, significant sources like bioaerosols and synergism of two or more chemicals are also contributing factors since symptoms are relieved upon leaving the buiding (NC employees’ workplace program requirements for safety and health, n.d). Multiple chemical syndrome is demonstrated in employees who demonstrate a combination of symptoms which include fatigue, dejection, petulance, headaches, food bigotry and gastrointestinal distress. Although factories are recommended to have air monitoring programs to monitor the condition of air within the factory, there are potential limitations. This paper explores the potential limitations in air monitoring with respect to contact assessment and offers ways on how to trounce these limitations. In addition, the paper compares the results of exposure to other hygiene standards. The two main approaches used to identify and quantify airborne contaminants are direct-reading instruments for onsite use and air samples laboratories analysis (Lippitt, Webb & Martin, 2000). Direct reading instruments serve factory employers and employees with early warnings especially in case of a leak or an accident that could result to elevation of a given chemical concentration. Using direct reading instruments is however limited to the fact that only the qualitative data of specific classes of chemicals is detected and measured. This implies that this approach is not appropriate in providing qualitative data when there are multiple classes of contaminants in the